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what are the before image bfim and after image afim of a data item what is the difference between in-place updating and
discuss the different types of transaction failures what is meant by catastrophic
what is the system log used for what are the typical kinds of entries in a system log what are checkpoints and why are
what is meant by transaction rollback what is meant by cascading rollback why do practical recovery methods use
figure 236 shows the log corresponding to a particular schedule at the point of a system crash for four transactions t1
what is flow control as a security measure what types of flow control
what is the goal of encryption what process is involved in encrypting data and then recovering it at the other
suppose that the system crashes before the readitem t3 a entry is written to the log in figure 231b will that make any
how is privacy related to statistical database security what measures can be taken to ensure some degree of privacy in
what is a statistical database discuss the problem of statistical database
suppose that privilege a of exercise 2432 is to be given with grant option but only so that account a can grant it to
consider the relation shown in figure 242d how would it appear to a user with classification u suppose that a
which account is designated as the owner of a relation what privileges does the owner of a relation
what is meant by granting a privilege what is meant by revoking a
what are the typical security classifications discuss the simple security property and the -property and explain the
describe the multilevel relational data model define the following terms apparent key poly instantiation
what is meant by data allocation in distributed database design what typical units of data are distributed over
how is a horizontal partitioning of a relation specified how can a relation be put back together from a complete
how is a vertical partitioning of a relation specified how can a relation be put back together from a complete vertical
discuss the different techniques for executing an equijoin of two files located at different sites what main factors
discuss the semi join method for executing an equijoin of two files located at different sites under what conditions is
discuss the factors that affect query decomposition how are guard conditions and attribute lists of fragments used
discuss the two-phase commit protocol used for transaction management in a ddbms list its limitations and explain how
compare the primary site method with the primary copy method for distributed concurrency control how does the use of
what are the main challenges facing a traditional ddbms in the context of todays internet applications how does cloud