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redeclaring predefined exceptionskeep in mind that the plsql declares predefined exceptions globally in the package standard therefore you need not
using raiseapplicationerrorthe package dbmsstandard that is supplied with oracle gives language facilities that help your application to interact
using exceptioninitto handle unnamed internal exceptions you should use the others handler or the pragma exceptioninit the pragma is a compiler
scope rulesyou cannot declare an exception twice in the similar block though you can declare the similar exception in 2 different blocks the
declaring exceptionsthe exceptions can be declared only in the declarative part of the plsql subprogram block or package by introducing its name you
user-defined exceptionsthe plsql defines the exceptions of your own dissimilar to the predefined exceptions the user-defined exceptions should be
advantages of exceptionsusing the exceptions for the error handling has many benefits without an exception handling every time you issue a command
exception handlingin the plsql a warning or error condition is known as an exception the exceptions can be internally defined by the run-time system
ensuring backward compatibility the plsql version 2 permits some abnormal behavior which version 8 disallowsparticularly version 2 permits you toi
rephrase conditional control statementswhen computing a logical expression the plsql uses short-circuit evaluation that is the plsql stops evaluating
avoid the not null constraintin the plsql using the not null constraint incur a performance cost consider the illustration as shown belowprocedure
use the plsinteger datatypewhen you require to declare an integer variable use the datatype plsinteger that is the most efficient numeric type that
use serially reusable packagesto help you to manage the use of memory the plsql gives the pragma serially reusable that mark some packages as
use the returning clausefrequently the application requires information about the row affected by a sql operation for illustration to produce a
use the nocopy compiler hintby default the out and in out parameters are passed by the value ie the value of an in out actual parameter is copied
use external routinesthe plsql is particular for the sql transaction processing therefore several tasks are more quickly completed in a lower-level
use native dynamic sqla few programs a normal-purpose report writer for illustration should build and process a variety of sql statements at run time
use bulk bindsif sql statements execute inside a loop using the collection elements as bind variables context switching between the plsql amp sql
use object types and collectionsthe collection types and object types increase your efficiency by allowing for the realistic data modeling the
using savepointsthe scope of the savepoint is a transaction in which it is defined the savepoints defined in the major transaction are not related to
entering and exitingif you enter the executable part of an autonomous routine the major transaction suspends when you exit the routine the major
controlling autonomous transactionsthe first sql statement in an autonomous routine starts a transaction whenever one transaction ends the next sql
autonomous versus nested transactionsthough an autonomous transaction is started by the other transaction it is not a nested transaction for the
defining autonomous transactionsto define an autonomous transaction you use the pragma compiler directive autonomoustransaction the pragma instructs
write a programme to display the patern a a b a c b a b c a b a