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fitness for purpose - sales of goodshowever that goods such are bought for a particular purpose that are reasonably fit about that purposes16 alike
correspond with description - terms used in contractwith s15 provides that where goods are sold through description whether is an implied matter that
right to sell - terms used in contractwith s14 a provides that there is an implied condition such seller has a right for sell the goods and like in
terms used in contracthowever there are certain terms may identify conditions and warranties like are implied into every contract covered through the
price - sales of goodslike where section 10 provides such the price for goods may like fixed by likei contract and one isii the manner provided
subject-matter of the contractthrough s71 the goods such form the subject-matter of a contract of sale may exist either possessed or existing
working capitala working capital or called gross working capital also refers as current assetsb net working capital refers to current assets minus
dividend ratios1 dividend per shares dps earnings to ordinary shareholders number of ordinary sharesspecify cash returns received for all share
access to capital markets and ownership structure ownership structurea dividend policy may be driven with time ownership structure as like in
shareholders expectation and growth stagegrowth stagedividend policy is likely to be influenced with firms growth stage as like a young rapidly
investment opportunity and capital structureinvestment opportunitylack of suitable investment opportunities that is so by positive returns or npv may
taxation position and profitability amp liquidityprofitability and liquiditya companys capacity to pay dividend will be determined primarily with its
legal rules - factors influencing dividenda net purchase rulestates that dividend may be paid from companys profit either past or presentb capital
drawback of stock repurchases1 high pricea company may find it not easy to repurchase shares at their recent value and price paid may be higher to
advantages of stock repurchase1 it may be seen as a true signal since repurchase may be motivated with management belief that firms shares are
stock repurchasethe company can buy back also several of its outstanding shares instead of paying cash dividends this is identified as stock
stock split and reverse splitthis is whereas a block of shares is broken down into smaller units or shares hence the number of ordinary shares rises
advantages of bonus mattera tax advantages shareholders can sell new shares and create cash in form of capital gains such
cash and bonus issue - dividendfor a firm to pay cash dividends it should contain adequate liquid fundsthough under conditions of liquidity and
agency theorythe agency problem between managers and shareholders can be resolved via paying high dividends if retention is low managers are
clientele effect theoryadvance via richardson petit in 1977it stated such different types of groups of shareholders or clientele have different type
tax differential theoryadvanced via lichtenberger and ramaswamy in 1979they argued that tax rate on dividends is higher quite than tax rate on
information signaling effect theoryadvanced via stephen ross in year 1977 he argued such in an inefficient market management can utilize dividend
bird-in-hand theoryadvanced via john leitner in year 1962 and furthered with myron gordon in year 1963 argues such shareholders are risk averse and
mm dividend irrelevance theorysuch was advanced via modigliani and miller in 1961 the theory asserts to a firms dividend policy has no effect on