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define system modelingexplain the processes that serve requirements of the view under considerationshows the behaviour of the processes and the
q show the congestion control in tcpcongestion control in tcp tcp assumes that the cause of lost segment is due to congestion in the network
q example on audio transmission admission policy - qos mechanism switches routers first check resource requirements of a flow before admitting it to
what are the functions of data architectureit gives the information needed for a business functionrecognize the data objects and their relationshipeg
what are the elements of computer based systemssoftware data structures computer programs amp related documenthardware electronic devices inter
what are the phases of problem solving loopproblem definition shows the problem to be solvedtechnical developmentsolve the problem by some
what are the characteristics of software software is engineered or formed it is not manufactured in the classical sensesoftware doesnt wear
q explain about congestion controlcongestion control open-loop congestion control- prevent congestion before it happens retransmission policy -
mention some of the drawbacks of rad modelnot suitable for largescale projectscommitment of developers amp customers are requirednot appropriate when
q illustrate keep alive and time-waited timerkeep alive timer to prevent a long inactive connection between two tcps - either client or server crash
explain persistence timer to deal with the zero-size windows what if a receiver advertises that the window size is 0 by sending ack and this ack is
q what is retransmission timerretransmission timer if an ack is received previous to the timer goes off - destroy the timer if the timer goes off
error control in tcp-duplicate amp out-of-order segment- duplicate segment- the destination tcp merely discards the segmentout-of-order segment- not
q show the error control in tcperror control in tcp detect lost segments out-of-order segments corrupted segments and duplicated segmentsthree tools
q explain silly window syndromewhen either sending application sends data gradually or receiving application consumes data slowly- illustration when
q example on tcp numberingenvision a tcp connection is transferring a file of 6000 bytesthe first byte is numbered 10010what are the sequence numbers
q tcp ndash numbering bytes numbering is utilized for flow amp error control segments arent numbered only bytes full-duplex connection - numbering
q what are the tcp servicestcp - services full duplex service connection oriented service reliable
q define the distance vector routingdistance vector routing every router periodically shares its knowledge about the entire internet with its
q what are the routing techniquesrouting routing techniques static versus dynamic routing routing table for classful addressing routing table for
q illustrate nonboundary-level masking with examplenonboundary-level masking example ip address 45 123 21 8 mask 255 192 0 0 subnet 45 64 0 0 123
q explain about nonboundary-level maskingnonboundary-level masking bytes in the ip address that correspond to 255 in the mask will be repeated in
q what is boundary level masking if mask numbers are either 255 or 0 bytes in the ip address that correspond to 255 in the mask will be repeated in
q what is subnetting subnetting ip addressing is hierarchical first reach a device through its network id netid then reach the host itself using
q show the class d and class e addressesclass d and class e addresses class d - reserved for multicast addresses multicasting - transmission method