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first normal form and second normal formfirst normal form 1nfa relation is said to be in 1nf if it having no non-atomic values and each row can give
un-normalized form unfif a table having non-atomic values at every row it is said to be in unf an atomic value is something that cannot be further
define network dbmsthe ndbms is built primarily on a one-to-many relationship but where a parent-child representation between the data items cannot
what is hierarchical dbmsin hdbms data is structured in a tree like manner there is a parent-child relationship between data items and the data model
what is relational dbmsthis is our subject of study a dbms is relational if the data is organized into relations that is tables in rdbms all data are
determine the strong and weak entitybased on the method of foreign key there might be arise a situation when we have to relate an entity having a
what is foreign keyforeign key sometimes we may have to work with an attribute that does not have a primary key of its own to recognize its rows we
describe the composite keycomposite key sometimes one key is not enough to uniquely recognize a row eg in a single class roll is enough to search a
what is alternate keyalternate key this is the candidate key which is not taken as the primary key of the table they are named so because although
explain about primary keyprimary key it is one of the candidate keys that are taken to be the recognizing key for the entire table eg although there
what is candidate keysuper key or candidate key it is such an attribute of a table that can uniquely recognize a row in a table generally they have
cardinality of relationshipone-to-oneonly one entity of the first set is linked to only one entity of the second set eg a teacher teaches a student
state the terms designing the database and normalizationdesigning the database out of the erd we have formed it is very easy to verify the tables the
what is gathering information and producing erdgathering information this could be a written document that explains the system in question with
explain the disadvantages of using dbmsthere could be a few disadvantages of using dbmsas dbms requires computers we have to invest a good amount in
advantages of database management systemlet us summarize the advantagesreduction of redundancy this is perhaps the most important advantage of using
types of data independencedata independence can be classified into the following two typesphysical data independence this means that for any change
data independencethis brings us to our next topic data independence it is the property of the database which tries to make sure that if we make any
what is management systema management system is a set of rules and process which help us to create organize and manipulate the database it also helps
what is a databaseto know what database is we have to start from data which is the basic building block of any dbmsdata facts figures statistics etc
determine the three views of datawe know that the similar thing if viewed from dissimilar angles produces difference sights similarly the database
what do you mean by protocolin the context of data networking a protocol is a formal set of rules and conventions that governs how computers exchange
what are the key functions of data link layerdata link layer transfers data in a structured and reliable manner so that the service given by the
how two adjacent layers communicate in a layered network or what do you mean by service access pointin layered network each layer has lots of
briefly write functionalities of different osi layersthe osi reference model includes seven layers basic functionality of each of them is as follows1