What is Probabilistic Encryption

Question

What is Probabilistic Encryption?

Answer 1

Probabilistic encryption, introduced by Goldwasser and Micali [GM84], is a design approach for encryption where a message is encrypted into one of numerous possible cipher-texts (that is, not just a single cipher-text as in deterministic encryption), in such a manner that it is probably as hard to get partial information regarding the message from the cipher-text, as it is to resolve certain hard problem. In previous approaches to encryption, even although it was not always known whether one could get this partial information, neither was it confirmed that one could not do so.