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Organic chemical groups which characterize carbohydrates

Name the organic chemical groups which characterize carbohydrates? How are carbohydrates categorized according to the existence of such groups?

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Carbohydrates are also termed as sugars (cellulose, starches, and other substances are carbohydrates also). Carbohydrates are polyhydroxylated aldehydes or polyhydroxylated ketones (that is, polyalcohol aldehydes or polyalcohol ketones).

Polyhydroxylated aldehydes are termed as aldoses and polyhydroxylated ketones are termed as ketoses.

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