Explanation of the term cilia and flagella

Question

Give a brief explanation of the term cilia and flagella? How do such structures attain the movement? Write down some examples of flagellated and ciliated cells in the humans.

Answer 1

Cilia and flagella are structures which are found in some prokaryotes as well in the eukaryotic cells. They cooperates defense, movement and nutrition functions for cell. In eukaryotic cells of protists and animals they originate from centrioles which migrate towards the plasma membrane and discriminate in structures projected outside cell.

Each and every cilium or flagellum is made up of nine peripheral pairs of the microtubules and one central pair all covered through membrane. (In bacteria, flagella are made up of a protein named flagellin and there can as well be fimbria made up of pilin.)

In fixation base of each and every flagellum or cilium in plasma membrane there are proteins which work as molecular motors facilitating movement for these structures with energy spending. Because of this energy spending flagellated or ciliated eukaryotic cells enfold a large number of the mitochondria.

In the humans ciliated cells can be found, for instance, in bronchial and tracheal epithelium. In such tissues the cilia enfold the defensive role of sweeping mucous as well as foreign substances that enter the airways.
Sperm cells are a characteristic feature example of flagellated cells their flagellum is the propulsion equipment for movement towards ovule.