--%>

Explain the catalyst definition and process with examples.

Catalyst is a substance which accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing any change in its chemical composition or mass during the reaction. The phenomenon of increasing the rate of a reaction with the help of a catalyst is known as catalysis.

For example, decomposition of potassium chlorate to give dioxygen occurs at high temperature in the range of 653 - 873 K
                                                      
2KClO3  2458_enzyme catalysis3.png  2KCl + 3O2

However, if a small amount of MnO2 is added to KClO3, its decomposition becomes faster and occurs at lower temperature range 473 - 633 K. the mass and chemical composition of MnO2 remains unaltered at the end of reaction. Thus, MnO2 acts as catalyst for the decomposition of KClO3.

Catalytic action

Since the catalysts are not consumed during the reaction, therefore, only a small amount of catalyst is sufficient to catalyse the reaction. According to modern views, a catalyst speeds up the reaction by providing an alternate path of lower activation energy to the reactants. The catalyst lowers the activation energy by interacting with the reactants leading to the formation of some intermediate complex of lower potential energy. In due course, the intermediate complex decomposes to give the products and also the catalyst.

Promotors and poisons

Promotors are the substances which enhance the activity of catalysts. For example, in the Hber's process for the manufacture of ammonia, molybdenum (Mo) is used as promoter which increases the activity of iron (Fe) used as catalyst
                                              
2218_catalysis.png  

Poisons are the substances which decrease the activity of catalyst. For example, during the Rosemnud's reaction involving the hydrogenation of acetyl chloride, Pd is used as catalyst while BaSO4/quinoline acts as poison. This activity of catalyst is purposely decreased to check the reduction of RCOCl to RCHO stage. If this is not done the desired compound RCHO will further undergo reduction to form alcohol RCH2OH.
                                           
1558_catalysis1.png

   Related Questions in Chemistry

  • Q : Describe Transformation Matrices. Each

    Each symmetry operation can be represented by a transformation matrix.You have seen what happens when a molecule is subjected to the symmetry operation that corresponds to any of the symmetry elements of the point group to which the molecule belongs. The m

  • Q : Vapour pressure of water Give me answer

    Give me answer of this question. 5cm3 of acetone is added to 100cm3 of water, the vapour pressure of water over the solution: (a) It will be equal to the vapour pressure of pure water (b) It will be less than the vapour pressure of pure water

  • Q : Calculate PH value for a acetic acid 1.

    1. A solution of 0.100 M acetic acid is prepared. a) What is its pH value? b) If 20% of the initial acetic acid is converted to the acetate form by titration with NaOH, what is the resultant pH?

  • Q : Molecular Structure type The ionic

    The ionic radii of Rb+ and I- respectively are 1.46 Å and 2.16Å. The very most probable type of structure exhibited by it is: (a) CsCl type  (b) ZnS type  (c) Nacl type  (d) CaF2 type

    Q : Infrared Adsorption The adsorption of

    The adsorption of infrared radiation by diatomic molecules increases the vibrational energy fo molecules and gives information about the force constant for the "spring" of the molecule.;The molecular motion that has the next larger energy level spacing aft

  • Q : Amount of glucose in blood What is the

    What is the normal amount of glucose in 100ml of blood (8–12 hrs after meal) is: (i) 8mg (ii) 80mg (iii) 200mg (iv) 800mg Choose the right answer from above.

  • Q : Entropy is entropy on moleculare basis

    is entropy on moleculare basis relates to the tras.,vib.,and rotational motions?

  • Q : Molar mass of solute The boiling point

    The boiling point of benzene is 353.23 K. If 1.80 gm of a non-volatile solute was dissolved in 90 gm of benzene, the boiling point is increased to 354.11 K. Then the molar mass of the solute is: (a) 5.8g mol-1  (b)

  • Q : Vapour pressure related question Help

    Help me to solve this question. Which of the following is incorrect: (a) Relative lowering of vapour pressure is independent (b)The vapour pressure is a colligative property (c)Vapour pressure of a solution is lower than the vapour pressure of the solvent (d)The

  • Q : Calculating density of water using

    What is the percent error in calculating the density of water using the ideal gas law for the following conditions:  a. 110 oC, 1 bar   b. 210 oC 10 bar  c. 374 o