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Elucidate the various trade which enacted by governments

Elucidate the various trade which enacted by governments?

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1. Protective tariffs are excise taxes or duties on imported goods.  Governments enact these tariffs to protect domestic producers by making foreign goods more expensive.

2. Import quotas are maximum limits on the number or total value of specific imports.  Once quotas are filled, no more imports are allowed into the country.

3. Nontariff barriers include licensing requirements, unreasonable standards, and unnecessary bureaucratic “red tape.”

4. Governments have used export subsidies to promote the sale of products aboard.

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