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Description of protocooperation

Give a brief description of the term proto-cooperation?

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Proto-cooperation is ecological interaction in that both participants’ benefit however that is not obligatory for their survival. Proto-cooperation is a harmonious (positive) inter-specific ecological interaction. Illustrations of proto-cooperation are: the action of spur-winged plover that using its beak eats residuals from the crocodile teeth; the removal of ecto-parasites from the back of bovines by the some birds that eat the parasites; the hermit crab which live inside shells over which sea anemones live (these provide protection to the crab and gain mobility to get food).

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