1. Write a small introduction about Microbiology in general.
2. Microbiology plays very important role in the production of alcoholic beverages. Discuss this with the example of beer or wine production. In addition, to your answer explain the key biochemical steps involved in ethanol production.
3. Explain the steps involved in Recombinant DNA technology and add a note on enzymes used. Also, discuss how genetically modified E.coli is used in producing insulin. Describe site- directed mutagenesis and how it is used in biotechnology.
4. Review the structure of protein and RNA in detail. In addition, explain (in a step by step fashion) the processes by which the DNA triplets (sense) is converted to MRNA (codons) to tRNA (anticodons) and finally to the corresponding Amino acid.
5. Using your answer from question 4, explain how a change in the sequence DNA (perhaps as little as one nucleotide base) can change the function of a protein which ends up in diseases such as thalassemia.