Discuss the following in word limit of 250 words each:
Recent Reforms: Merit, Management, and Politics
1. What are the three major themes or aspects of recent civil service reforms?
2. Has recent civil service reform been driven more by political ideology or technical personnel management concerns?
The Struggle for Equal Employment Opportunity
3. What are two elements of an effective equal employment opportunity policy?
4. Why were early efforts to combat historic patterns of discrimination grounded on Presidential Executive Orders? What were the most important of those orders?
From EEO to Affirmative Action and Affirming Diversity
5. What were the conditions that gave rise to affirmative action in the federal civil service?
6. What are the various forms of affirmative action and what are their implications for the principle of nondiscrimination?