Assignment: Memorandum- Is Noncompete Clause Enforceable
Dr. Hathaway is interested in what might happen if she litigates this matter. For preparation, a short memo that analyzes whether or not the noncompetition covenant (NCC) in Dr. Hathaway's employment agreement is enforceable.
The legal research has already been completed - utilize the attached cases only.**NO ADDITIONAL RESEARCH IS REQUIRED**
Request for a memorandum evaluating the enforceability of the non-compete clause of the Employment Agreement. I believe the Employment Agreement is a valid contract, that there was an offer, acceptance, and consideration (no need to evaluate whether the entire Agreement is a valid contract). For purposes of this memorandum, and based on the facts presented by Dr. Hathaway, Dr. Hathaway breached the non-compete clause. Therefore, please do not evaluate whether she breached it. Please simply focus on the enforceability of the NCC.
A. GOAL - Dr Hathaway does not want to loose her practice
B. Apply the Issues, Rule, Analysis/Application, Distinguish, and Conclusion format (attached) based on the facts of Dr Hathaway's case
C. The RULE/precedent case - Raimonde v Van Vlerah
D. Case Law - additional cases
a. Wilson v Kreusch
b. Williams v Hobbs
c. Rogers v Runfola
E. Also, apply the 3 prongs (whether it impacts the following and why/why not) in order to do the analysis of each case
a. Employer interest (paragraph)
b. Employee Interest (paragraph)
c. Public Interest (paragraph)
**Need citation for attached cases
**ONLY USE THE ATTACHED CASES PLEASE
Demand Letter:
Dear Dr. Hathaway, In January, Year 4, you entered into an employment agreement (the "Agreement") with my client, Back & Neck Specialists. As you are aware, the Agreement sets forth restrictive covenants that bound you after the termination of your employment at Back & Neck Specialists. You are now in violation of these covenants. The Agreement contained a provision prohibiting you from practicing within a 10-mile radius after the termination of your employment. Your new practice, Personal & Athletic Injury Therapists ("Therapists"), is located within this 10-mile radius. Additionally, your marketing tactics have caused considerable damage to Back & Neck Specialists. In light of your breach of contract, Back & Neck Specialists intends to enforce the remedies provided for in the Agreement. Back & Neck Specialists plans to file suit for injunctive and other relief if Therapists does not close its business. In accordance with the Agreement, if this matter proceeds to trial, Back & Neck Specialists will also seek a minimum of 50% of Therapists' gross receipts and punitive damages for your opportunistic breach of the Agreement.
Blurb from Employment Contract
Upon the termination of employment of Employee pursuant to this Section 6: Employee shall be entitled to send notices regarding the establishment of Employee's new office to those patients for whom Employee has been the primary chiropractor. Employee shall not be entitled to send such notices to any other patients of the Practice; Any patient requesting, either by telephone or in writing, that records be transferred from Employer's office to another office on behalf of Employee, shall be accommodated within seven working days of receipt of such request. Employer shall send appropriate copies of all such records, and all reasonable costs incurred in transferring said records will be assumed by Employer; provided, however, that Employer retains the right to maintain originals of such records; Employee shall be entitled to the return of all equipment, supplies, instruments and books brought to the Practice by Employee, as evidence by a specific list (which shall be updated from time to time, as may be appropriate) of such property maintained by Employee and kept on file with Employer; and Employee will be responsible, as determined by Employer, in its sole discretion, for completing any treatment to patients as to whom Employee's failure to complete such treatment could jeopardize the health of such patient. Covenants For a period of two years following the termination of her employment, however caused, the Employee will not, within ten miles of Employer's location, directly or indirectly, for herself, on behalf of, or as an employee of any other firm, association, corporation, or other entity, engage in, or be employed by a practitioner of, chiropractic medicine. For the purposes of Section 7, Employer's location is 211 W. Schrock Road, Westerville, OH 43081. 7 Employee and Employer recognize that the covenants of Section 7 will survive the termination of this Employment Agreement regardless of the cause of such termination.
Case Brief:
Raimonde v. Van Vlerah, 325 N.E.2d 544 (Ohio 1975).
Facts: Employer sought to enforce non-compete covenant to prevent former employee from accepting similar employment or practicing his profession within 30 miles of employer's location for a period of 3 years. The Court of Appeals refused to enforce the covenant.
Holding and Rationale: The Ohio Supreme Court remanded the case to allow the trial court to fashion a reasonable non-compete covenant, holding that:
• Non-compete covenants will be enforced when the restrictions they impose are reasonable.
• Non-compete covenants that are unreasonable will be enforced to the extent necessary to protect an employer's legitimate interests.
• A non-compete covenant is reasonable when the employer can show the restrictions are i) no greater than necessary for the protection of the employer's legitimate business interests, ii) do not impose undue hardship on the employee, and iii) are not injurious to the public. Factors to consider when evaluating reasonableness include:
o Whether the employee represents the sole contact with the customer
o Whether the covenant seeks to eliminate competition which would be unfair to the employer or merely seeks to eliminate ordinary competition
o Whether the covenant seeks to stifle the inherent skill and experience of the employee
o Whether the covenant operates as a bar to the employee's sole means of support
o Whether the employee's talent which the employer seeks to suppress was actually developed during the period of employment
Case Brief:
Rogers v. Runfola & Assocs., Inc., 565 N.E.2d 540 (Ohio 1991)
Facts: Two court reporters resigned after 10 years of working for the employer. The employer sued to enforce the non-compete covenant, which prohibited the former employees from working as court reporters in the county for two years and from soliciting the employer's clients forever. The Court of Appeals held the covenant was unreasonable.
Holding and Rationale: The Ohio Supreme Court modified the covenant, holding:
• The original restrictions caused the former employees undue hardship because court reporting was the only profession in which they were proficient.
• The employer had a legitimate business interest to protect because he invested time and money in equipment, facilities, support staff and training and developed the clientele list.
• Modifying the covenant to prohibit former employees from soliciting clients and working as court reporters within the city limits for one year effectively balances employer's interest and hardship on former employees.
Case Brief:
Williams v. Hobbs, 460 N.E.2d 287 (Ohio Ct. App. 1983)
Facts: A radiologist sued his former employer after they enforced a non-compete covenant to prevent him from practicing his specialty at the hospital. The trial court held the non-compete covenant was unreasonable and did not enforce it.
Holding and Rationale: The Court of Appeals affirmed, holding:
• Enforcing the covenant would be injurious to public because the former employee was a specialist radiologist whose skill was uncommon in community.
• The covenant also imposed undue hardship on the doctor and community because the hospital is one of only a few institutions where he could practice his specialty.
Case Brief:
Wilson v. Kreusch, 675 N.E.2d 571 (Ohio Ct. App. 1996)
Facts: A chiropractor opened up a new office within three miles of his former employer's office in violation of the non-compete covenant in the employment contract. The trial court modified the covenant, holding that the original restriction barring the former employee from practicing any chiropractic medicine was unreasonable.
Holding and Rationale: The Court of Appeals affirmed, holding:
• The modifications adopted by the trial court appropriately balanced the interests of the employer, former employee and public because
o They preserve the employer's patient base and limit the former employee's ability to compete in the immediately surrounding area.
o They do not impose undue hardship on the former employee because he is not required to move his office and can accept new patients.
o They are not injurious to the public because they have limited impact on potential new patients.
• The employer's delayed enforcement of the covenant increased the covenants detrimental effect on the employee, who had already established a new office.
Format your assignment according to the give formatting requirements:
• The answer must be using Times New Roman font (size 12), double spaced, typed, with one-inch margins on all sides.
• The response also includes a cover page containing the student's name, the title of the assignment, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required page length.
• Also include a reference page. The references and Citations should follow APA format. The reference page is not included in the required page length.