1. What are the three Milankovitch cycles and what effect do they have on the climate. What are two different causes of climate change?
2. What is El Nino and the changes observed in the following variables across the tropical Pacific: air pressure, trade winds, sea- surface temperatures (SSTs), sea level, depth of the thermocline, and rainfall. Then describe the effects of El Nino on the climate of the Gulf Coast of the United States, the Northern United States and Canada, and lastly, Southern California.