Monera:

The Kingdom of Prokaryotes:

This kingdom involves all prokaryotic organisms that is, bacteria, mycoplasma, actinomycetes (i.e., filamentous bacteria) and cyanobacteria (i.e., blue green Algae). They exhibit the characters as shown below:

A. They are microscopic. They lack membrane bound organelles. They do not hold a true nucleus.

B. Their mode of nutrition is heterotrophic or autotrophic. Certain bacteria are autotrophic and are photosynthetic that is, they can make their organic food in the existence of sunlight example, Spirillum. Certain bacteria are chemosynthetic that is, they can make their organic food by deriving energy from some chemical reactions. Example: Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.

C. Many other bacteria such as Azotobacter, Rhizobium, and Clostridium can fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. The phenomenon is termed as Biological Nitrogen Fixation.

D. Various bacteria are parasites and many others live as symbionts.

E. Certain monerans such as Archaebacteria can live in severe environmental circumstances such as absence of oxygen (i.e., anaerobic), high salt situation, high temperature such as 800c or above and extremely acidic soils.

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