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How nervous system acquire information regarding atmosphere

How does the nervous system acquire information regarding the external atmosphere, the tissues and organs?

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Information regarding the conditions of external and internal atmosphere, such as temperature, pressure, spatial position, touch, pH, metabolite levels (that is, oxygen, carbon-dioxide and so on), light, sounds, and so on are collected by particular neural structures (each for each kind of information) termed as sensory receptors. Sensory receptors are distributed all through the tissues according to their particular roles. The receptors get that information and transmit them via their own axons or via dendrites of neurons which connect to them. The information reaches the central nervous system which interprets and employs it to control and regulate the body.

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