Define Josephson effects
Josephson effects (B.D. Josephson; 1962): Electrical effects examined whenever two superconducting materials are separated by a thin layer of the insulating substance.
Gaia hypothesis (J. Lovelock, 1969): The thought that the Earth as an entire must be regarded as a living organism and that biological procedures stabilize the atmosphere.
Pascal's principle: The pressure exerted to an enclosed incompressible static fluid is transmitted undiminished to all portions of the fluid.
Describe the term ntu in thermodynamics? Illustrate in short.
Trojan satellites: Satellites that orbit a body at one or the other Trojan points associative to a secondary body. There are numerous illustrations of this in our own solar system: a collection of asteroids that orbit in the Trojan points of Jupiter;
Le Chatelier's principle (H. Le Chatelier; 1888): When a system is in equilibrium, then any modification imposed on the system tends to shift the equilibrium state to decrease the consequence of that applied change.
Becquerel: Bq (after A.H. Becquerel, 1852-1908) - The derived SI unit of the activity stated as the activity of radionuclide decay at a rate, on the average, of one nuclear transition every 1 s; it hence has units of s-1.
Permittivity of free space: electric constant; epsilon_0: The ratio of the electric displacement to the intensity of the electric field generating it in vacuum. It is equivalent to 8.854 x 10-12 F/m.
Weber: Wb (after W. Weber, 1804-1891): The derived SI unit of magnetic flux equivalent to the flux that, connecting a circuit of one turn, generates in it an electromotive force of 1 V as it is decreased to zero at a uniform rate in a period of 1 s; i
Simultaneity principle: The principle which all frames of reference will contain invariant simultaneity; that is, the two events perceived as simultaneous (that is, containing the similar time coordinate) in one frame will be apparent as simultaneous
Bragg's law - Whenever a beam of x-rays strikes a crystal surface in which the layers of ions or atoms are often separated, the maximum intensity of the reflected ray takes place when the complement of the angle of incidence, theta (θ), the wave
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