Copying procedure-DNA replication

Question

Mistakes might take place throughout every copying procedure. The same is true for the DNA replication. Are there amendment systems in cells which try to fix those mistakes? Under which circumstances are the mistakes taken only by individual owner of the cell in which the mistake has taken place and in which circumstances are they transmitted to the other individuals?

Answer 1

The cell is operational with an enzymatic system which tries to fix mistakes of DNA replication procedure. This system however is not fully efficient. DNA replication mistakes are reserved in the original individual where the failure taken place when the occurrence affects somatic cells. When a replication mistake take place in the formation of germline cell (e.g., into gametes) the DNA modification might be transmitted to the offspring of individual.