The Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD) operated the Cooper Nuclear Station and instituted a "fitness for duty" program that required all employees who had access to protected areas at the Cooper plant to undergo random annual urine tests for drugs.
The employees challenged the testing program on the grounds that it was contrary to the Fourth Amendment's ban on unreasonable searches and seizures, as there was no individualized suspicion. They also argued that through tampering or mistakes in the testing process, employees could be wrongly accused of drug use.
The NPPD stated that its testing program was "reasonable" and that its chainof-custody rules and confirmatory tests protected employees from mistakes in the test results. Decide.