Shipping business principles


Question 1: Describe (use diagrams if essential):

a) What stable equilibrium or positive stability is?
b) Force of buoyancy.
c) What ‘trim’ is, with regard to ships’ draft?
d) What happens to a ship when it ‘heels’ or has a ‘list’?

Question 2:

a) Describe what bulk cargoes are and give illustrations of the types of cargoes and any related hazards during transportation.

b) Describe about containerization and the container industry.

Question 3: Illustrate what a B/L Bill of Lading is and how it works or the processes comprised.

Question 4:

a) Describe the elements of operating profit.
b) Describe the elements of ‘DRS’ daily running costs.

Question 5: List out the documents which are prepared and required for a ship to enter port. Illustrate the use or purpose of the examples you give.

Question 6: Describe what a letter of credit is and how it is used or the exchange process included (use diagrams if essential).

Question 7: Describe the various types of ships agent and the duties of a ships agent

Question 8: Describe what is meant by the given Incoterms:

a) FOB
b) CIF
c) DES

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