In several science disciplines women are outperformed by men on test scores. Will "values affirmation training" enhance self-confidence and therefore performance of women relative to men in science courses? Study performed at the large university compares scores of men and women at end of the large introductory physics course on the nationally normed standardized test of conceptual physics, Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation (FMCE). Half women in course were provided values affirmation training during course; other half received no training. Study reports that there was significant difference (P < 0.01) in gap between men's and women's scores, though gap for women who received values affirmation training was much smaller than that for women who didn't receive training. Study also reports that 95% confidence interval for mean difference in scores on FMCE exam between women who received training and those who did not is 13 ± 8 points. You are the faculty member in physics department, and provost, who is interested in women in science, asks you about study. (a) Describe in simple language what "significant difference (P < 0.01)" means. (b) Describe clearly and briefly what "95% confidence" means. (c) Is study good evidence that needing values affirmation training of all female students would greatly decrease gender gap in scores on science tests in college courses?