Problem
1. Find the format of an ICP packet (encapsulated in a PPP frame). Include all fields, their codes, and their purposes.
2. PPP uses two authentication protocols, PAP and CHAP. Find some information about these two protocols and how they are used in PPP.
3. Find how an IP packet can be encapsulated in ATM cells using AAL5 layer.
4. To prevent loops in a network using transparent bridges, one uses the spanning tree algorithm. Find some information about this algorithm and how it can prevent loops.