Example of a social environmental factor

Question

Assignment:

QUESTION 1 Which of the following statements is LEAST true about medical adherence?

• Medical non-adherence can most obviously manifest as patients not taking medications, but it can also be represented by patients merely missing or postponing necessary appointments.
• While patients seem to be the culprits regarding their own medical non-adherence, providers may be even more to blame.
• Medical adherence is generally considered to be bimodal.
• Theories such as Health Belief Model can be quite predictive with respect to which patients will be more adherent.

QUESTION 2 The main reason why the mutualistic patient-provider model fails to promote medical adherence is:

• This particular style of interaction leads to a high number of medical questions going unanswered by the provider.
• The patient tends to leave the office feeling un- or under satisfied with the interaction.
• This particular style requires too much involvement and citizenship by the patient.
• This is a trick question. Mutualistic is the best patient-provider model for promoting adherence.

QUESTION 3 All of the following can reduce the severity of "collective behavior" except:

• Education
• Media coverage/attention
• Time
• Legislation

QUESTION 4 All of the following public health measures were widely used prior to the Sanitary Awakening EXCEPT?

• Inoculation
• Quarantine
• Registration of births and deaths
• Vector control

QUESTION 5 All of the following represent health disparities except:

• American Indians being diagnosed with liver cirrhosis a greater rates than African-Americans
• White women being diagnoses with depression at greater rates than White men
• older Latinos having less health literacy than older Asians
• Women being more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer than men

QUESTION 6 An example of a social environmental factor related to health at the societal level :

• Close friend
• Church youth group
• Dr. Oz Show
• Health beliefs

QUESTION 7 An important finding of the case study on applying the ecological model to formative research for a WIC training program in New York State was that the study design did not adequately address which of the following components (circle the best choice):

• Individual and interpersonal level factors
• Interpersonal and organizational level factors
• Community and policy level factors
• None of the above

QUESTION 8 Communities that are strong in mutual trust, social participation and reciprocity illustrate which one of the following concepts?

• social support
• social capital
• ethnocentrism
• collective behavior

QUESTION 9 The following image: image

• is a good example of how attitudes towards homosexuality are influenced by collectivistic cultures such as those represented by China or Sub-Saharan Africa.
• is a good example of how perceptions of heterosexuality are influenced by individualistic cultures.
• is a good example of how cultural icons can help change opinions about what is acceptable or normal.
• B & C

QUESTION 10 Evidence-based public health should rely on which of the following types of evidence?

• The best available evidence
• Trial-and-error logic
• Qualitative data
• Large-scale epidemiologic data
• All of the above

QUESTION 11 Going to the doctor for an annual check-up is an example of which of the following?

• illness behavior
• health behavior
• sick role behavior
• disease management behavior

QUESTION 12 Health education programs in developing countries often try to replace traditional cultural models of illness with scientific knowledge and understanding. One lesson from Dr. Coreil's work in Haiti can be described by which of the following statements?

• Cultural beliefs often pose formidable barriers to new scientific information
• Good outcomes may not always coincide with scientifically correct understanding
• The social impact of interventions can be worse than the health impact
• Traditional etiologic models often have much in common with scientific models
• This is a trick question. Dr. Coreil never worked in Haiti

QUESTION 13 In societies that value competitive achievement and view economic status as the result of personal attributes, a sense of _______________ may lead to feelings of hopelessness and failure.

• cultural relativism
• time urgency
• relative deprivation
• idealism

QUESTION 14 In the 20th century childbirth shifted from an event that usually took place at home to one that usually took place in a hospital. This change reflects which social process?

• hygienization
• medicalization
• destigmatization
• advocacy

QUESTION 15 One aspect of the social construction of cultural diversity in public health that is related to epidemiology as its core discipline:

• Identification of "risk groups" based on race, gender, age and SES
• Privatization of services
• Humanitarian values for helping the poor
• Attention to cultural diversity can reinforce negative stereotypes

QUESTION 16 Programs designed to assist disabled persons to adapt to living in their everyday environments - climb steps, self-feed, wash themselves, etc. - are based on which model of disability?

• social model
• medical model
• cultural model
• environmental change
• Trick question - this is based on a mixture of the social, medical, and cultural models

QUESTION 17 Select an example of a psychological factor related to asthma.

• Smoking
• Health literacy
• Exposure to violence
• Crowding

QUESTION 18 Sick role behavior and disease management behavior are different in what way?

• Disease management behavior applies more to deviant behavior while the sick role concept applies more to normative behavior.
• Disease management behavior applies more to acute episodic illness while the sick role concept applies more to long-term chronic disease.
• The sick role concept applies more to acute episodic illness while disease management behavior applies more to long-term chronic disease.
• The sick role concept applies more to deviant behavior while disease management behavior applies more to normative behavior.

QUESTION 19 Social cognitive theory is an example of a theory at which ecological level?

• intrapersonal
• community
• interpersonal
• societal
• None of the above is the correct level

QUESTION 20 Social learning occurs BEST when:

• The reinforcement is consistent.
• There is a lapse between the conditioning and reinforcement.
• Strong reinforcement follows behavioral conditioning, but it may be somewhat intermittent.
• Rewards equal the costs associated with the behavior.

QUESTION 21 All of the following are potential reasons why it is difficult to divorce biological behavioral expressions from learned ones EXCEPT:

• Genetic predispositions guarantee that social learning has a more significant effect.
• Biological and social sources of learning can be highly related.
• There may exist a high degree of overlap between the genetic and social sources of behavioral learning.
• The cause-effect relationship between the (biological or social) influence and the behavior can be uncertain.

QUESTION 22 Culture and cultural shifts are important regarding health interactions and public health for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

• Culture and cultural shifts are important regarding how a provider should interact with a patient, but can be somewhat ignored regarding prevention messages.
• Culture and cultural shifts explain why health directives commonly giving in the 1950s or 1960s are no longer relevant or even wrong.
• Acknowledging the collectivist cultural followings of a patient can be useful to ensure better medical adherence, perhaps by making him or her accountable to his/her in-group.
• Culture allows us to identify how a patient should be treated and whether preventive messages are actually even relevant.