Cultural Orientations
Orientation's implications to management
Orientations
What is the nature of evil?
Good
Evil
Mixed
Implication to Management
A. Optimistic about other people's motivations; theory Y; participation encouraged; trust; direct communication valued.
B. Pessimistic; theory X; suspicion of peers and subordinates, negotiation partners; secretive.
C. Use of middlemen and consultants; a discrepancy between optimistic attitudes and behavior - for instance, the values of communication are proclaimed but every message is vetted by a lawyer.
What is the person's relationship to nature?
Dominant
Harmony
Subjugation