Discuss the following:
1. A landfill operation uses a tractor to compact the waste. The tractor weighs 10 tons and has two tracks, each 3 ft by 12 ft. Estimate the maximum compaction attainable in the landfill.
1.9 pounds per square inch
2.8 pounds per square inch
3.8 pounds per square inch
5.6 pounds per square inch
2. In designing a truck route system for waste collection, locations are known as ___________.
deadheading
routes
links
Nodes
3 A sample of refuse is analyzed and found to contain 10% water (measured as weight loss on evaporation). The heating value (Btu) of the entire mixture is measured in a calorimeter and is found to be 3000 Btu/lb. A 2.0 gram sample is placed in the calorimeter, and 0.38 grams of ash remains in the sample cup after combustion. What is the moisture- and ash-free heat value?
1670 Btu/lb
2110 Btu/lb
3330 Btu/lb
4230 Btu/lb
4. A residential waste mixture contains 25% food waste and 75% yard waste by weight. The moisture contents (wet basis) are 60% for the food and 30% for the yard waste (by weight). What is the overall moisture content of the waste mixture?
38%
45%
50%
92%
5. Studies have shown that with the __________ possible crews, the ___________ overall efficiencies can be obtained by using curbside 7.
largest; smallest
medium sized; smallest
smallest; greatest
smallest; smallest
6. A reliable method of estimating refuse composition and production at the local level is to use a(n) __________ method of analysis and to perform sampling studies.
input
sideways
sorting
output
7.A community of 10,000 people wishes to initiate public garbage collection. If trash is to be collected once a week from each home and the community has access to a 14 cubic yard garbage truck, how many trips does the truck need to make to the landfill each week? Assume a waste generation rate of 4 pounds per person per day and a compacted density of 500 pounds per cubic yard of compacted trash. The truck driving from the landfill to the community then back to the landfill is one trip.
29 trips each week
40 trips each week
83 trips each week
100 trips each week
8. Unbeknownst to health regulators, a family is using a shed in their backyard for their solid waste disposal. The shed is 20 ft long by 15 ft wide by 10 ft high. If the family generates 16 pounds of un-compacted waste per day, at a density of 200 pounds per cubic yard, approximately how long will it take to fill the shed with their un-compacted waste?
16 days
139 days
3.8 years
103 years
9.In deciding if a transfer station is economical, the cost of the __________ haul must be compared to the cost of a transfer station.
indirect
lateral
direct
same
10. Comingled recyclables are to be collected on both sides of a 1200 ft long street. The homes are 40 ft apart and there is a one-person crew. It takes 25 seconds to empty each green container into the truck. The typical set-out amount is 8 kg. Approximately how long does it take to walk, collect, and sort the materials?
19 minutes
38 minutes
76 minutes
152 minutes
11. Litter Collection: You are a consultant in a community of around 4,000 people. The city council has asked you to create an anti-litter campaign to assist the clean-up of their community. Since you believe that litter can be controlled by cognitive, social, and technological means, outline the different steps you would take in evaluating the community, why there is litter, and what you can do to assist in building the anti-litter campaign for the city council. How would your means be effective?
Your answer should be at least 200 words in length.
12. Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics: Define the term moisture transfer and outline how it is used in refuse management. Explain why moisture transfer is important in studies on refuse composition and materials recovery. How is it also important in energy conversion?
Your answer should be at least 200 words in length.