Explain and give an illustration
Explain and give an illustration of (a) the fallacy of composition; and (b) the “after this, therefore because of this” fallacy. Why are cause-and-effect relationships difficult to isolate in the social sciences?
Expert
(a) The fallacy of composition is the mistake of believing that something true for an individual part is necessarily true for the whole. Example: A single auto producer can increase its profits by lowering its price and taking business away from its competitors. But matched price cuts by all auto manufacturers will not necessarily yield higher industry profits.
(b) The “after this, therefore because of this” fallacy is incorrectly reasoning that when one event precedes another, the first even necessarily caused the second. Example: Interest rates rise, followed by an increase in the rate of inflation, leading to the erroneous conclusion that the rise in interest rates caused the inflation. Actually higher interest rates slow inflation.
Cause-and-effect relationships are difficult to isolate because “other things” are continually changing.
How does society decide its optimal point on the production possibilities curve?
When the prices for doughnuts and croissants are $.50 and $1 correspondingly: (w) the opportunity cost for one doughnut is two croissants. (x) this is better to buy two doughnuts than one croissant. (y) one croissant will make Pierre twice as happy as one doughnut. (z
If one decisionmaker in interdependent circumstances calibrates its decisions to the anticipated reactions of the other party, in that case the decisionmaker is engaged within: (1) psychological forecasting. (2) profit maximization. (3) collusion. (4) strategic behavi
Assume that melons sell for $5 in Brazil when moose pelts sell for $10, still into Canada melons sell for $10 as well as moose pelts sell for $5. A person who buys moose pelts within Canada to sell into Brazil would be doing: (1) speculation. (2) the “invisible
What is the opportunity cost of attending college? In 2000, nearly 80% of college-educated Americans held jobs, whereas only about 40% of those who did not finish high school held jobs. How might this difference relate to opportunity costs?
According to the advocates of free trade and World Trade Organization, each and every country potentially advantages from trade liberalization and the lowering of tariffs since each and every country: (1) Has a comparative benefit in something. (2) Ga
What will be produced in all economic systems?
Explain the foundation of economics where society’s material wants are unlimited?
Use the circular flow model to confirm this assertion for an expansion of preschool programs for disadvantaged children?
How will the system accommodate change?
18,76,764
1935918 Asked
3,689
Active Tutors
1437807
Questions Answered
Start Excelling in your courses, Ask an Expert and get answers for your homework and assignments!!