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PING stands for Packet Internet Gopher. This is a utility for make sure connectivity among computers. ICMP protocol works at the back of this utility. Beneath it, sending node sends packets to the destination node and response is received when there is proper communication among two.
It is of diagnostic utility that diagnose devices connectivity.
It employs ICMP: Internet Control Messaging protocol to send echo requests (that is, generally 4 packets) and receive echo replies (that is, 4 packets).